The title of any book, monograph, or article tells the reader broadly what he can expect to attain from the book by reading it. The title is essentially a shortest. The military of the European Union comprises the various cooperative structures that have been established between the armed forces of the member states, both. Usage Statistics for communitygaze.com Summary Period: September 2016 - Search String Generated 08-Oct-2017 02:09 PDT. The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673. According to our research of Texas and other state lists there were 886 registered sex offenders living in El Paso, Texas as of October 12, 2017. The ratio of number. Published by EH.Net (March 2017) Sven Beckert and Seth Rockman, editors, Slavery’s Capitalism: A New History of American Economic Development. Latin America - Wikipedia. Latin America[a] is a group of countries and dependencies in the Americas where Spanish and Portuguese are predominant. The term originated in 1. France as Amérique latine to consider French- speaking territories in the Americas (Haiti, French Guiana, Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Martin, Saint Barthélemy) along with the larger group of countries where Spanish and Portuguese languages prevailed. It is therefore broader than the terms Ibero- America or Hispanic America—though it usually excludes French Canada and modern French Louisiana. Latin America consists of nineteen sovereign states and several territories and dependencies which cover an area that stretches from the northern border of Mexico to the southern tip of South America, including the Caribbean. It has an area of approximately 1. Earth's land surface area. As of 2. 01. 6, its population was estimated at more than 6. Latin America had a combined nominal GDP of 5,5. USD[5] and a GDP PPP of 7,5. USD.[5][6]The term "Latin America" was first used in an 1. Initiative of the America. Idea for a Federal Congress of Republics" (Iniciativa de la América. Idea de un Congreso Federal de las Repúblicas),[7] by the Chilean politician Francisco Bilbao. In such conference, he called for the creation of a confederation of Latin American republics to better search for their common defense and prosperity, without political or economic barriers between them. In the same work, he also detailed the principles under which such a confederation should work. Etymology and definitions[edit]Origins[edit]Presencia de América Latina (Presence of Latin America, 1. Latin America is a group of countries and dependencies in the Americas where Spanish and Portuguese are predominant. The term originated in 19th century France as. Washington, District of Columbia detailed profile. According to our research of District of Columbia and other state lists there were 46 registered sex offenders. Arts House of the University of Concepción, Chile. It is also known as Latin America's Integration. The idea that a part of the Americas has a linguistic affinity with the Romance cultures as a whole can be traced back to the 1. French Saint- Simonian. Michel Chevalier, who postulated that this part of the Americas was inhabited by people of a "Latin race", and that it could, therefore, ally itself with "Latin Europe", ultimately overlapping the Latin Church, in a struggle with "Teutonic Europe", "Anglo- Saxon America" and "Slavic Europe".[8] Further investigations of the concept of Latin America are by Michel Gobat in the American Historical Review[9] and the monograph by Mauricio Tenorio- Trillo, Latin America: The Allure and Power of an Idea (2. The idea of a "Latin race" was later taken up by Latin American intellectuals and political leaders of the mid- and late- nineteenth century, who no longer looked to Spain or Portugal as cultural models, but rather to France.[1. However, it is important to clarify that the idea of a "Latin race" is not the same as the idea of "Latin America," even when they are somewhat related among themselves. Though the origin of the idea of a "Latin race" was French, and it was later used to support the French invasion of Mexico in 1. Latin America" itself was used first by two Latin American intellectuals in two independent works, though both written in 1. U. S. policies toward Latin American countries, which are explicitly mentioned in both works. The term "Latin America" was first used in 1. Chilean politician Francisco Bilbao in Paris.[1. The conference had the title "Initiative of the America. Idea for a Federal Congress of Republics."[1. The same year the Colombian writer José María Torres Caicedo also used the term in his poem "The Two Americas."[1. Two events related with the U. S. played a central role in both works. The first event happened less than a decade before the publication of Bilbao's and Torres Caicedo's works: the Mexican–American war, after which Mexico lost a third of its territory. The second event happened the same year both works were written, when U. S. president Franklin Pierce decided "to recognize the 'piratical' regime recently established in Nicaragua by William Walker and his band of U. S. filibusters."[9] Given that the intention of William Walker was to create an English- speaking colony in Nicaragua and reinstate slavery (already abolished in Central America), Pierce's decision was considered openly hostile by many Latin American intellectuals, among them the two first users of the term "Latin America."In both Bilbao's and Torres Caicedo's works, the U. S.- Mexico war and Walker's expedition to Nicaragua are explicitly mentioned as examples of dangers for the region. Both authors also ask for the union of all Latin American countries as the only way to defend their territories against further foreign U. S. interventions. Both rejected also European imperialism, claiming that the return of European countries to non- democratic forms of government was another danger for Latin American countries, and used the same word to describe the state of European politics at the time: "despotism." Several years later, during the French invasion of Mexico, Bilbao wrote another work, "Emancipation of the Spirit in America," where he asked all Latin American countries to support the Mexican cause against France, and rejected French imperialism in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas. He asked Latin American intellectuals to search for their "intellectual emancipation" by abandoning all French ideas, claiming that France was: "Hypocrite, because she [France] calls herself protector of the Latin race just to subject it to her exploitation regime; treacherous, because she speaks of freedom and nationality, when, unable to conquer freedom for herself, she enslaves others instead!"[1. Therefore, as Michel Gobat puts it, the term Latin America itself had an "anti- imperial genesis," and their creators were far from supporting any form of imperialism in the region, or in any other place of the globe. However, in France the term Latin America was used with the opposite intention. It was supported by the French Empire of Napoleon III during the French invasion of Mexico as a way to include France among countries with influence in the Americas and to exclude Anglophone countries. It played a role in his campaign to imply cultural kinship of the region with France, transform France into a cultural and political leader of the area, and install Maximilian of Habsburg as emperor of the Second Mexican Empire.[1. This term was also used in 1. French scholars in La revue des races Latines, a magazine dedicated to the Pan- Latinism movement.[1. Contemporary definitions[edit]. The 4 common subregions in Latin America. Latin America generally refers to territories in the Americas where the Spanish or Portuguese languages prevail: Mexico, most of Central and South America, and in the Caribbean, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico. Latin America is, therefore, defined as all those parts of the Americas that were once part of the Spanish and Portuguese Empires.[1. By this definition, Latin America is coterminous with Ibero- America ("Iberian America").[1. The term is sometimes used more broadly to refer to all of the Americas south of the United States,[2. Guianas, the Anglophone Caribbean (and Belize); the Francophone Caribbean; and the Dutch- speaking Caribbean. This definition emphasizes a similar socioeconomic history of the region, which was characterized by formal or informal colonialism, rather than cultural aspects (see, for example, dependency theory).[2. As such, some sources avoid this oversimplification by using the phrase "Latin America and the Caribbean" instead, as in the United Nations geoscheme for the Americas.[2. In a more literal definition, which is close to the semantic origin, Latin America designates countries in the Americas where a Romance language (a language derived from Latin) predominates: Spanish, Portuguese, French, and the creole languages based upon these.[2. In this definition, Quebec would be classified as part of Latin America. The distinction between Latin America and Anglo- America is a convention based on the predominant languages in the Americas by which Romance- language and English- speaking cultures are distinguished. Neither area is culturally or linguistically homogeneous; in substantial portions of Latin America (e. Peru, Bolivia, Mexico, Guatemala), Native American cultures and, to a lesser extent, Amerindian languages, are predominant, and in other areas, the influence of African cultures is strong (e. Caribbean basin – including parts of Colombia and Venezuela). The term is not without controversy. Historian Mauricio Tenorio- Trillo explores at length the "allure and power" of the idea of Latin America. He remarks at the outset, "The idea of 'Latin America' ought to have vanished with the obsolescence of racial theory.. But it is not easy to declare something dead when it can hardly be said to have existed," going on to say, "The term is here to stay, and it is important."[2. Following in the tradition of Chilean writer Francisco Bilbao, who excluded Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay from his early conceptualization of Latin America,[2. Chilean historian Jaime Eyzaguirre has criticized the term Latin America for "disguising" and "diluting" the Spanish character of a region (i. Hispanic America) with the inclusion of nations that according to him do not share the same pattern of conquest and colonization.[vague][2. Subregions and countries[edit]Latin America can be subdivided into several subregions based on geography, politics, demographics and culture. If defined as all of the Americas south of the United States, the basic geographical subregions are North America, Central America, the Caribbean and South America; [2. Southern Cone, the Guianas and the Andean states. It may be subdivided on linguistic grounds into Hispanic America, Portuguese America and French America. Flag. Arms. Name. Area(km²)Population[2](2. Population density(per km²)Capital. Name(s) in official language(s)Time(s) zone(s)Argentina. Buenos Aires. Argentina. UTC/GMT - 3 hours. Bolivia. 1,0. 98,5. Sucre and La Paz. Bolivia; Buliwya; Wuliwya; Volívia. UTC/GMT - 4 hours. Brazil. 8,5. 15,7. Brasília. Brasil. Creators | Springer. Link. The title of any book, monograph, or article tells the reader broadly what he can expect to attain from the book by reading it. The title is essentially a shortest possible abstract of the book. By seeing it, the reader consciously, subconsciously, or unconsciously forms in his mind an expectation of the book’s message. He then decides whether it is of interest to him. If it is, he then scans the bigger abstract/introduction and sometimes the headings of the contents of the book for further information and a better glimpse of what the book comprises. At this stage, the reader decides whether he should proceed further, into the whole book or into selected topics, or if he should simply leave the book aside without reading it. He may also scan the preface to learn how the authors orient/prepare the reader so that his inquisitiveness toward the book grows.
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